b 37 bomber

B 37 Bomber - Vtura first fought in Europe as a bomber with the RAF in late 1942. Design PV-1 by the United States Navy (US Navy), it fought in 1943 in the Pacific. The bomber was also used by the United States Air Force (USAAF) , who designed the Lockheed B-34 (Lexington) and the B-37 as a trainer.British Commonwealth forces also used it in a variety of ways, including anti-ship and anti-shipping and anti-submarine warfare.

The Vtura was developed from the Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar, as a replacement for the Lockheed Hudson bombers that were in service with the Royal Air Force. Used in daylight attacks against occupied Europe, they proved to have weaknesses and were withdrawn from bombing operations and some were used for patrols by the Coast Guard.

B 37 Bomber

After the USAAF's monopoly on land-based bombers was removed, the US Navy ordered a revised design that brought into service the PV-2 Harpoon for anti-submarine warfare.

Blackburn B 37 Firebrand

Early in the war, Lockheed proposed military modifications of the Lodestar for the RAF as a replacement for the Hudson patrol aircraft and the Bristol Belheim bomber. The first British order was placed in February 1940 for 25 Model 32 bombers. This was followed by an order for 300 Model 37s with twin Wasp engines, a second for a further 375 later in 1940. Lockheed needed more production capacity and the nearby Vega Aircraft Corporation signed on to build the Vtura.

The Vtura is very similar to its predecessor, the Lockheed Hudson. The main difference is not fundamental; Instead, the Vtura is bigger, heavier and uses more powerful engines than the Hudson. The RAF ordered 188 Vturas in February 1940, which were delivered from mid-1942. Vturas were initially used for daylight raids over occupied Europe, but, like some other RAF fighters, they were very vulnerable without fighter escort, which was difficult to provide for long missions. Vturas were replaced by the faster de Havilland Mosquito. The Vturas were transferred to patrol duties with the Coast Guard when the Mosquito replaced them in the bombing squads; 30 watts for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and some for the South African Air Force (SAAF). The RAF placed an order for 487 Vtura Mark IIs, but most were diverted to the USAAF, which placed its own order for 200 Vtura Mark IIAs as the B-34 Lexington, later to strike the RB-34.

In August 1941 large orders were placed for Vturas with Ld-Lease Act funds. Among the orders are 550 military inspection units of the Vetura. This aircraft was originally designed to be built under the designation O-56. The main difference between the Vtura and the O-56 was in the engines: instead of the Vtura's 2,000 hp (1,491 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-2800 radials, the O-56 used a 1,700 hp ( 1,270 kW) Wright R -2600-13 radials.

Prior to the completion of the first O-56, the US Air Force dropped the "O-" category used to describe "observation" (repair) aircraft. The O-56 is a modified RB-34B (rated R restricted, meaning it cannot before the first of these flew, the design was redesigned as the B-37 with a higher version of the R-2600, then again the RB-37 design.

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While 550 were ordered by the Air Force, the purchase by the USAAF was halted after only 18 Vturas were received, which the Air Force agreed to transfer the exclusive use of the Vtura to the United States Navy.

The PV-1 Vtura, built by Lockheed's Vega Aircraft Company division (since the "V" Navy designation later replaced the "O" for Lockheed), is a variant of the Vtura built for the US Navy (see US Vturas in the Navy below). The main differences between the PV-1 and the B-34 are the inclusion of special equipment on the PV-1, consistent with its patrol bomber role. The maximum fuel capacity of the PV-1 was increased from 1,345 gal ( 5,081 L) to 1,607 gal (6,082 L), to increase its size; the forward protection arm is also reduced for this reason. The most important addition is that of the ASD-1 search radar.

Early production PV-1s also carried a bombardier station behind the nose glider, with four side windows and a flat bomb aiming panel under the nose. Late production PV-1s dismantled the bomb bay and replaced it with a pack of 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns under the nose. These aircraft could also carry eight 5 in (127 mm) HVAR rockets on underwing launchers .

PV-1 began being delivered in December 1942, and entered service in February 1943. The first group into combat was VP-135, which deployed to the Aleutian Islands in April 1943. They worked with three other squadrons in that theater. From the Aleuts they flew raids to bases in Paramushiro and its use, the Japanese islands in the Kuril chain. Off, the PV-1s would lead the B-24 bomber formations, as they were equipped with radar. In late 1943, several PV-1s were deployed to the Solomon Islands as night fighters with VMF(N)-531, a Marine Corps squadron.

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PV-2 Harpoon repainted and marked "Air Tropic Island Charters" on display at a miniature range in North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 2012

) giving the maximum power, and which first flew on March 3, 1943. The motivation for the repair was the weaknesses in the PV-1, which proved to have problems moving to where it was full of oil. On the PV-2, the armament was balanced by five forward machine guns. Many of the early PV-1s had a bomber mode, which was deleted in the PV-2. Some other important developments included a 30% increase in bomb load to 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg), and the ability to carry eight 5-inch (127 mm) HVAR rockets under the wings.

While the PV-2 is expected to have increased range and better mobility, the expected speed figures are expected to be lower than those of the PV-1, due to the use of the same engines but increased weight. The Navy ordered 500 examples, designating them with the famous name Harpoon.

Early tests indicated the wings tdcy to crease dangerously. As this problem could not be solved by shortening the 6 ft (1.8 m) wingspan (making the wing less uniform), a complete overhaul of the wing was necessary. This obstacle delayed the PV-2's effort to operate. PV-2s already shipped are used for training purposes under the designation PV-2C. By the end of 1944, only 69 PV-2s had been delivered. They finally restart when the reset is complete. The first plane he sent was the PV-2D, which had eight frontal machine guns and was used in ground attacks. When World War II ended, the entire order was revoked.

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With constant part problems, the PV-2 is reliable, and even popular. It was first used in the Aleutians by VP-139, one of the squadrons that first used the PV-1. It was used by several countries after the war, but the United States stopped ordering new PV-2s, and they were recently withdrawn from service.

Ex-Canada and South African PV-1 Vturas were converted by Howard Aero in San Antonio, Texas in the 1950s and 1960s as high-speed executive jets. The first modifications, called Super Vturas, included a 48-inch (122 cm) fuselage stretch, an additional fuel tank, large picture windows, an interior and weapons converted to cargo components. The landing gear was replaced with heavier parts from the PV-2. Later modifications, of which eight were completed in the 1960s,

Howard's final PV-1 modification was the Eldorado 700, with long wings, a pointed nose and flowing jean covers.

A notable civilian accident occurred on December 17, 1954, in which four were killed, including Fred Miller, chairman of Miller Brewing Company and son of founder Frederick Miller. The company's plane was bound for Winnipeg, Manitoba, but experienced problems with both engines and crashed shortly after takeoff from Mitchell Field in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

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So is his eldest son, Fred Jr., 20 years old, and the company's two drivers, Joseph and Paul Laird.

Oakland Airmotive (later Bay Aviation Services, based in Oakland, California) also offered a PV-2 executive aircraft modification called the Ctaurus starting in 1958.

The Portuguese Air Force received 42 Lockheed PV-2C Harpoons from 1953, replacing the Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver as an anti-submarine aircraft. The Harpoons have 61 and 62 crew members at Montejo Air Force Base. In 1960 the Harpoons were replaced as anti-submarine and anti-submarine interceptors by Lockheed P2V-5 Neptunes. The remaining harpoons were sent to Angola and Mozambique, where they formed 91 Squadron operating from Luanda Air Base and 101 Squadron from Beira Air Base. Harpoons were used in operations in the Angola and Mozambique theaters of the Portuguese Naval War (1961-1974). They are primarily used as fire fighters and ground attack aircraft, with the occasional pilot, transport and naval types. The last Portuguese harpoons were retired in 1975.

The Museu do Ar (Portuguese Air Museum) has what is believed to be the only remaining Lockheed PV-2C Harpoon in Europe.

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The first Vtura Mark Is was received by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in September 1941, when the aircraft was delivered.

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